Compost is essential for garden care and improving soil health. It is an organic material, derived primarily from plants, including food scraps, fallen leaves, manure, and more. This material breaks down and becomes compost that helps improve soil quality and allows all types of plants to grow and thrive.
In this article we will not only explain what compost is, but we will also focus on the different types of compost and compost bins, essential for those who want to have an organic garden or orchard. In addition, we will learn about the benefits of composting and how this simple process can bring great advantages for both the environment and our crops.
types of compost
There are several types of compost, each with unique characteristics that provide different benefits to plants and soil. Knowing them is essential to choosing the right compost for the needs of your garden or orchard.
- Traditional compost: This is the most common type of compost. It is formed from a mixture of different organic waste such as leaves, grass, food scraps, and is turned regularly so that oxygen accelerates the decomposition process. Traditional composters usually require space and good aeration to avoid bad smells.
- Worm humus or vermicompost: This type of compost is made from worms, which break down organic waste and produce nutrient-rich compost. This type is special because of its ability to generate both solid and liquid compost, both of which are very beneficial for plants. In addition, it is ideal for use in orchards, gardens, and potted crops.
- Manure compost: Manure, especially from cows or sheep, is commonly used. When mixed with water, compost reaches high temperatures that speed up decomposition. It is an excellent source of nitrogen, although it can attract insects if not managed properly. It works especially well in soils that need nutrients quickly.
- Avicompost: This type of compost is derived from the decomposition of waste generated by poultry, such as chickens. It produces compost rich in nitrogen and other nutrients, although its preparation is a little more complex than other types.
- Coffee compost: Coffee production waste, particularly the husks of the beans, are perfect for composting as they are rich in nitrogen. This compost is especially useful in gardens as it does not acidify the soil like other waste.
- Peat: A mixture of decomposed plant materials, it is one of the best types of compost for retaining water in the soil, making it ideal for sandy soils or dry areas. It can be supplemented with coffee grounds or moss to further improve its quality.
Types of compost bins
The type of composter you choose depends on the space available, the amount of organic waste you generate, and the time you want to spend on the process. Below are the most common types of composters:
- Garden or patio composter: Ideal for those with outdoor spaces, this can be a simple compost heap in the corner of the garden or a bin designed specifically for composting. Garden composters are a versatile option, allowing you to handle large amounts of organic waste without worrying too much about odours.
- Vermicomposter: Perfect for homes with limited space or for those who prefer to compost indoors, this system uses worms that break down waste quickly, producing compost full of nutrients. Vermicomposters are ideal for apartments and homes without a garden.
- Rotating drum composter: A composting system that allows you to mix waste quickly by simply turning the drum. This facilitates decomposition and speeds up the process. In addition, they take up little space and are ideal for those who want a quick and efficient solution.
- Bokashi composter: This method uses microorganisms to ferment food and other organic waste instead of decomposing it. The process is almost odorless and is suitable for small spaces such as kitchens, balconies or internal patios.
- Composter on a pile: One of the most traditional and economical methods. It simply consists of piling up the waste in piles outdoors and turning them occasionally. Although it requires space, it is effective for generating large quantities of compost. You just have to make sure to air the pile to avoid bad smells.
Benefits of composting
Composting offers multiple benefits, not only for plant growth, but also for the environment. Here are some of the most important benefits:
1. Stimulates root growth
Compost is a rich source of nutrients that promotes the development of healthy and strong roots, which is critical for plant growth and flowering. It also acts to stabilize the soil pH, allowing plants to retain more water, which is useful for those who occasionally forget to water them.
2. Improves lawn greening
If you have grass, compost is great for filling in bald spots and boosting its deep green color. The nutrients in compost – such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium – improve the health of your lawn and prevent yellowing of the leaves.
3. Prevents soil compaction
A well-aerated soil is vital for water to drain properly. With compost, the soil is kept loose, which prevents compaction and improves plant growth. It also facilitates the penetration of air into the soil, which is essential for the roots.
4. Increases resistance to cold
Compost also acts as a thermal insulator, protecting roots and plants from frost and extreme temperatures. This is essential to protect crops in winter, preserving not only the life of the plants, but also maintaining the quality of the soil.
5. Promotes overall garden health
By breaking down organic matter, we are recycling it back into the ecosystem, which decreases the need for chemicals and artificial fertilizers. Compost helps maintain a healthy cycle in the garden by minimizing the use of pesticides and other harmful compounds.
With this information about the types of composters and compost, as well as their benefits, you can now decide which one best suits your home and your needs. Remember that composting is an effective and ecological way of recycling organic waste, contributing to the well-being of your plants, soil and the environment.