Wind or mini-wind energy is an increasingly popular option for reducing electricity consumption in homes. It allows us to self-produce electricity for self-consumption and achieve a significant reduction in the electricity bill. But before taking the step to install a mini-wind system, it is essential to know in detail several key aspects to guarantee an optimal installation. Below, we analyze six fundamental points to take into account before opting for a mini-wind energy installation.
1. Do I have enough wind resources?
The first step before you consider installing a wind turbine is to check whether your area has enough wind to make it cost effective. Wind power is directly dependent on wind speed, so it is vital to have accurate data on the average wind speed in your area. It is also important to check whether this speed remains constant, as it is the stability of the wind that guarantees optimal performance of the wind turbine.
Wind resource measurement is essential. It is recommended to have at least one year of measurements or a feasibility study carried out by experts using anemometers to obtain accurate data on wind speed and variability at the site where the wind turbine is to be installed.
2. What type of wind turbine is best for me?
There are two main types of wind turbines used in small wind farms: horizontal axis and vertical axis. Each has its own characteristics that make it more suitable for certain locations and wind conditions.Horizontal axis wind turbines: These are the most common due to their greater efficiency and relatively low cost. These wind turbines must be oriented towards the wind, so they usually have a vane that allows them to follow the direction of the wind. They are not as effective in areas with gusty or changing winds, but they are ideal for places with stable and constant winds.
Vertical axis wind turbines: Although less efficient, they have the advantage of not needing to be oriented with respect to the wind and of being quieter. They are suitable for areas where the wind changes frequently or where a more discreet architectural integration is sought. They are also preferable in some urban areas due to their lower height and lower vibration.
3. How to choose the tower or support mast for a wind turbine?
The height of the tower or mast is a key factor in the performance of wind turbines. The higher the height, the higher the wind speed, which translates into more energy generated. It is generally recommended that the wind turbine be at least 10 meters above any obstacle within a 100-meter radius, to avoid turbulence that can reduce its performance.Obstacles: The presence of buildings, trees or mountains can slow down the wind and cause turbulence. It is vital to identify and avoid potential obstacles in the area surrounding the wind turbine installation to maximize the energy generated.Maintenance and security: In addition, the mast must be made of corrosion-resistant materials and must have a solid fastening system that can withstand wind gusts without compromising the structural safety of the system.
4. What wind turbine power do I need?
The power of the wind turbine must depend on the electrical consumption you wish to cover. The most common wind turbines for domestic use offer from 1,5 kW to 6 kW, but it is important to adjust the power according to your actual needs and the wind characteristics in your area.
It is estimated that an average Spanish home consumes between 3.500 and 5.000 kWh per year, so a 1,5 kW wind turbine can cover a significant percentage of that demand if combined with a photovoltaic installation. However, for a higher level of energy autonomy, you could consider a higher-power model, especially in areas with good wind resources.
5. What procedures have to be carried out to legalize a mini-wind installation?
Before proceeding with the installation, it is necessary to comply with certain administrative formalities. These formalities vary depending on the autonomous community or municipality in question, so it is important to consult with the local authorities.Licenses and permits: In most cases, a building permit will be required for the installation of the wind turbine. A grid connectivity permit may also be required if the surplus energy is to be injected.Self-consumption regulation: It is important that the installation complies with current self-consumption regulations, including those related to possible state or regional subsidies or incentives for the installation of renewable energy.
6. How can I contact wind energy installers?
Having a professional and experienced installer is key to the success of a small wind farm installation. A specialized installer can carry out a prior feasibility study and ensure that the system operates efficiently. In addition, it is important that the installer is familiar with local regulations to facilitate the process of legalizing the installation.
Research local wind turbine suppliers and check out their proposals. Make sure to check the reputation of the installer, after-sales services and whether they offer maintenance to ensure the proper functioning of the system.
Global growth
The small wind energy market is experiencing continued growth globally. According to the report “Global Small Wind Market Insights, Opportunity, Analysis, Market Shares And Forecast 2017 – 2023”, a growth of 20,2% is expected for the period from 2016 to 2022. Technological advances in this area and cost reduction are driving the demand for small wind for both residential and industrial applications.
The economic accessibility of wind turbines and growing public policy support worldwide are promoting faster adoption of this technology. In the United States, for example, there has been significant progress in the adoption of this technology, with an installed capacity of small wind power of 230 MW in 2015, a figure that is expected to almost double by the end of 2020.
In Europe and Asia-Pacific, growth is also notable, with countries such as China and the United Kingdom leading the way in installed small wind capacity.
Types of wind turbines
As mentioned above, there are two main types of wind turbines: vertical axis and horizontal axis. However, the right choice will depend on the specific conditions of each installation and the intended use.Manufacturers of wind turbines for mini wind power: Bornay is one of the most renowned manufacturers in this field. Its wind turbines offer powers ranging from 600 W to 5.000 W, manufactured with high-quality materials and designed to guarantee reliability and durability. In addition, the maintenance of these devices is simple, which makes them especially attractive for residential and commercial environments.
To optimise the performance of a Bornay wind turbine, an annual inspection of its moving parts and fasteners is sufficient. This low maintenance, combined with its robustness, guarantees a long service life. The propellers are made of fibreglass and carbon, making them light, efficient and durable.
Ultimately, mini wind is a viable and increasingly attractive option for those seeking a renewable energy solution to reduce their dependence on the electric grid. As technology prices continue to decline and public policies continue to support these technologies, mini wind will become an even more cost-effective and accessible option for homes and businesses.