In the field of the chemical industry, there are various chemicals used for different applications, and one of the most important and used is sodium hypochloriteThis chemical compound has both industrial and domestic uses, standing out for its disinfectant and bleaching capacity.
In this article, we will go into detail about the sodium hypochlorite, its composition, characteristics, uses and safety recommendations.
What is sodium hypochlorite?
El sodium hypochlorite It is an inorganic compound, also known as bleach or chlorine when diluted in water. Its chemical formula is NaClO, which indicates that it is composed of sodium, oxygen and chlorine. Its dissolution in water is very unstable, but when used properly, it becomes a powerful disinfectant and biocide, capable of eliminating bacteria, fungi and viruses.
It is marketed in various concentrations. In domestic and industrial settings, solutions of sodium hypochlorite with concentrations between 2% and up to 12,5%, the latter being more used for industrial treatments and disinfecting large volumes of water such as swimming pools and wastewater.
In its purest form, sodium hypochlorite is highly corrosive, so it should always be handled with care. It typically has a strong chlorine odor and varies in color from green to pale yellow.
What is sodium hypochlorite used for?
Sodium hypochlorite has a wide variety of applications. While it is commonly seen as an ingredient in household cleaning products, its industrial uses include water purification, wastewater treatment, and disinfection in the food industry.
Water disinfection
One of the most widespread uses of sodium hypochlorite is purification of drinking water. By adding this compound to water, most microorganisms that can cause diseases, such as bacteria and viruses, are eliminated. In many countries, it is used in drinking water treatment systems. The recommended concentration for this use should not exceed 10%.
El 12,5% sodium hypochlorite It is used for the treatment of water in swimming pools, where it helps keep the water free of impurities and harmful microorganisms.
Due to its ability to oxidize and eliminate organic compounds, it is also used in the treatment of industrial wastewater, where it helps eliminate odors and prevent the spread of bacteria in highly contaminated environments.
Household use and bleaches
In the domestic sphere, sodium hypochlorite is a very common disinfectant. It is used for clean surfaces in kitchens, bathrooms and other areas of the home, as well as for bleach clothesIn this case, hypochlorite removes unwanted colors by attacking the chemical bonds of the pigments.
In addition, it is used for the washing fruits and vegetables, as it helps eliminate microorganisms that may be present in food before consumption.
Applications in medicine
In the field of dentistry, the sodium hypochlorite It is used as an irrigant in root canal treatments, helping to fight bacterial infections and dissolve dead tissue.
In some cases, it is also used in the wound disinfection and in surgeries to prevent the proliferation of bacteria and other pathogens.
Characteristics and properties of sodium hypochlorite
- Chemical formula: NaClO.
- Molar mass: 74,44 g/mol.
- Boiling point:
- Melting point:
- Density: 1,11 g/cm³.
- pH: Being strongly alkaline, its pH is high (approximately 11).
Sodium hypochlorite is unstable under normal conditions and can decompose, releasing toxic gases such as chlorine, especially when mixed with acids. In the presence of acids, chlorine is released in gaseous form, which makes it a dangerous compound if not handled with caution.
Safety and handling of sodium hypochlorite
Since sodium hypochlorite is a chemical corrosive, it is essential to follow certain guidelines for its safe use. Direct contact with the skin and eyes should be avoided, as it can cause burns. It is also recommended not to inhale its vapors.
Safety recommendations:
- Use protective gloves and safety glasses when handling it.
- Store the product in ventilated places and away from sunlight, since heat and light accelerate its decomposition.
- Do not mix with other chemicals such as ammonia or acids, since they can release toxic gases.
Actions in case of poisoning:
- If skin contact occurs, wash immediately with water for at least 15 minutes.
- If swallowed, do not induce vomiting and seek medical attention immediately.
- If the compound is inhaled, take the person to the free air quickly.
How to use sodium hypochlorite
Sodium hypochlorite must be diluted correctly according to its application.
Use in surface cleaning
To disinfect surfaces, mix 4 teaspoons of sodium hypochlorite per liter of water. This solution can be used to clean floors, countertops, tables, handles, among others.
Water purification
To purify water for human consumption, it is recommended to add 2 to 4 drops of 2,5% sodium hypochlorite per liter of water and wait 30 minutes before using it. This solution is ideal for ensuring safe water for drinking, cooking and washing food.
Preparation of 0,1% chlorine solution
If you need to prepare a 0,1% chlorine solution For hand disinfection, 100 ml of 1% sodium hypochlorite should be mixed in one litre of water. This way, the solution will be ready for safe use in frequent disinfection.
Sodium hypochlorite is a versatile and powerful compound, present in both industrial and household activities. Its proper use helps improve hygiene, prevent infections and ensure that water is safe for human consumption.