The hydroponic crops are soilless agricultural production systems that use nutrient solutions to feed plants. This technique has gained popularity as a viable alternative to traditional agriculture, especially in limited spaces such as urban areas or places where the soil is unsuitable for conventional crops.
The main goal of this method is to mitigate problems associated with soil, such as poor quality or the presence of pathogens, and to provide a more controlled environment for plant growth. By using inert supports such as perlite, gravel or even more modern structures such as PVC pipes, the roots receive essential nutrients directly through water.
Below, we explore in depth the different types of hydroponic crops, their advantages and disadvantages, and how we can implement them at home.
Main characteristics of hydroponics
The hydroponic cultivation system is characterized by the absence of soilThe plants are placed in different supports, which can be inert such as sand, gravel, pumice or clay beads, and their roots, instead of looking for nutrients in the soil, obtain them from an aqueous solution that contains all the elements necessary for their development.
Not only does this give hydroponics great versatility in where it can be implemented, it also allows for much more precise control over the supply of water and nutrients, increasing the efficiency of their use, which is vital in areas with limited water resources.
In addition, the method avoids many of the classic problems of traditional agriculture, such as diseases caused by soil pathogens or the depletion of available nutrients in the soil. However, hydroponics also brings challenges, such as waste management and possible water contamination if open systems are not properly managed.
Types of hydroponic crops
There are various systems for implementing hydroponics, each with its own particularities and advantages. Below we analyze the most common ones:
Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)
A hydroponic system based on the continuous or intermittent circulation of a thin film of nutrient solution which flows over the roots through a cultivation channel. The roots are not submerged in the solution, but are barely in contact, which allows for better oxygen absorption.
The NFT system stands out for its water use efficiency and nutrients, and also facilitates oxygenation of the roots, which helps prevent problems such as root rot.
Flood and drainage system
This method consists of using trays filled with an inert substrate (perlite, pebbles, etc.) that are periodically flooded with a nutrient solution. Once the substrate has absorbed the nutrients, the solution is drained again.
It is one of the simplest systems to implement for those who are starting out in hydroponics.
Drip system with nutrient solution collection
Similar to traditional drip irrigation, but with the particularity that the Excess solution is recycled. It is collected and pumped back into the crop, making it a very efficient system.
DWP (Deep Water Culture)
Considered one of the oldest and simplest systems, DWP places the plants on a floating plate on a pool of hydrogen peroxide. The roots are constantly submerged in the solution, which requires good oxygenation by means of air pumps.
Ecological advantages of hydroponics
Among the main ecological advantages Hydroponic cultivation includes:
- It allows you to take advantage of unproductive or limited spaces, such as rooftops, patios or interiors.
- By using water as a medium, it significantly reduces the consumption of this resource in comparison with traditional methods.
- a strict control of supply of nutrients and water.
- Produces food with a lower environmental impact by reducing the use of pesticides.
It is also a suitable solution for worn-out or contaminated soils, since plants do not depend on it to grow.
How to make a homemade hydroponic system
assemble your own hydroponic system at home is easier than it seems. Below, we explain how to create a small hydroponic system using the NFT technique to start growing plants such as lettuce, spinach or aromatic herbs.
Necessary materials
- Dark plastic containers for plants.
- An oxygenation pump, similar to the one used in aquariums.
- Specific nutrient solution for hydroponics (can be homemade or purchased).
- Perforated PVC pipes.
- Inert substrate such as perlite or rock wool.
Steps to follow
1. Make equidistant holes in the PVC pipes where the plants will be placed. These pipes should have a slight slope to promote the circulation of the nutrient solution.
2. In the tank, place a pump to keep the water moving and oxygenate it properly.
3. Fill the system with the nutrient solution and place the plants in the holes, ensuring that the roots are suspended in the air, but in contact with the solution.
By following these steps, you will be able to build a system that will allow you to see the benefits of hydroponics in your own home, enjoying fresh vegetables all year round.
Hydroponics offers a sustainable alternative for food production, especially in urban areas or areas with poor soil. Implementing a small system at home can be a great way to contribute to the environment while still enjoying quality fresh produce without needing large spaces or resources.
Hello, I already saw it, but the root of the lettuce always turns brown when it is 12 days after the lettuce is planted, why?
This topic is very interesting, I really implemented it at home but I have a problem, my lettuces get longer, I don't know why. Somebody could help me??
Thank you