One of the most well-known and widely cultivated crops in urban gardens is the tomato. Its popularity is no coincidence, as the tomato is a very productive plant that produces delicious fruits that can be used in numerous dishes. However, it can be a challenge if certain basic aspects are not taken into account.
From variety selection to optimal planting time and necessary care, growing tomatoes at home requires certain knowledge to ensure a good harvest. Below, we tell you how to grow tomatoes successfully, detailing everything you need to know.
Tomato species to plant
The first step to successfully growing tomatoes is choosing the right variety. There are two main types of tomatoes: certain e indeterminate. Knowing the differences between the two is key:
- Determinate tomatoes: These are varieties that grow to a specific size (around 60-90 cm) and produce all their fruits at once, which can be useful if you want to get a large harvest in a short time.
- Indeterminate tomatoes: These varieties, on the other hand, grow continuously and produce fruit throughout the season, making them ideal for those who want a staggered harvest over several months.
It is also advisable to choose varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases. Native seeds are usually less susceptible to these problems because they are better adapted to the local climate and conditions. If you have any doubts about the most suitable variety for your area, consult local farmers or nurseries.
Tips for growing tomatoes
The right time to sow is crucial. In the northern hemisphere, planting in January under protection (such as greenhouses or indoor crops) is ideal, as many varieties, such as the Marmande tomato, can make good use of the conditions if protected from the cold.
Sowing in seedbed
In March, you can start sowing in outdoor seedbeds if you are not afraid of temperature fluctuations, although it is advisable to continue using structures such as greenhouses to maintain stable humidity. The seeds begin to germinate within 7 to 10 days if the right temperature is maintained (approximately 21ºC).
Temperature and light
The need for sunlight is key when growing tomatoes. They must receive at least 6 hours of sun per day, although their performance improves significantly if they are exposed to between 8 and 10 hours per day. As for temperature, tomatoes are very sensitive to both cold and extreme heat. The ideal temperature is between 22 and 29 °C. Temperatures below 13 °C can hinder the growth process, while excessive heat can also negatively affect fruit production.
The transplant procedure
Approximately two months after sowing, when the plants show between 4 and 6 true leaves, it is time to transplant them.
¿Cómo hacerlo? First of all, it is advisable to apply a good dose of compost to the soil to ensure that the plants receive essential nutrients from the start. When burying the seedlings, bury the stem up to the first leaves. This stimulates the production of additional roots and helps strengthen the plant.
Key tips for transplanting
- Irrigation: Water them immediately after transplanting to compact the soil and ensure contact between the roots and the soil. During their initial growth, tomatoes require abundant watering every 3-4 days.
- Spacing: It is essential to leave adequate space between plants. For determinate varieties, the space between plants should be 40 cm; for indeterminate varieties up to 80 cm.
- Protection against cold: Make sure you have mini greenhouses or some type of cover available if temperatures suddenly drop.
- Stakes and support: It is advisable to stake from the beginning. By using stakes or cages, the plants will remain upright, improving air circulation between the leaves and fruits, which reduces the possibility of fungal diseases.
Tomato care
Taking proper care of tomato plants is crucial to obtaining a good harvest. Here are some tips for caring for these plants:
- Plantation: Choose a location where the plants will receive sufficient light and be in well-drained soil. This is crucial to avoid waterlogging and prevent root problems.
- Irrigation: Water them regularly, but always avoid overwatering. A practical tip is to water deeply every four or five days, which ensures that the root system remains moist without becoming saturated.
- Fertilization: Provide balanced fertilizers rich in phosphorus and calcium when the plants begin to flower. Fertilizer should be applied every two to three weeks during the growth cycle.
- Pruning: Removing secondary shoots —known as suckers— is essential to concentrate the plant's energy on fruit growth. In addition, this practice helps improve air circulation and sun exposure.
- Padded: Placing organic compost around the base of plants retains moisture, improves soil structure and suppresses weeds.
- Support: As the plants grow, use stakes, cages or trellises to keep them upright. This will keep the fruit off the ground and prevent the appearance of fungus and pests.
- Pest and disease prevention: Check plants frequently for signs of pests or disease. Remove affected leaves or fruit as soon as possible to prevent further spread.
It is also best not to handle the plant when it is wet, as this can increase the risk of fungal infections.
Pest control in tomato plants
Tomatoes are susceptible to attacks by several pests, including tomato worms and aphids. To prevent serious attacks, integrated pest management techniques can be used, which involve the use of organic or natural products such as neem oil. In addition, it is advisable to keep the garden clean and free of plant debris, which reduces the possibility of pests.
In case of fungal diseases, such as mildewIt is recommended to apply preventive fungicides and maintain good air flow between the plants.
Collection and storage
Correct harvesting is crucial to obtaining quality tomatoes. Tomatoes should be picked when they are fully ripe, but still firm to the touch. The color should be bright, indicating that the tomato has reached an optimal level of ripeness. It is not advisable to store tomatoes in the refrigerator, as this can deteriorate their flavor and texture. Instead, store them in a cool, dry place.
With these tips and care, you'll be ready to enjoy your own tomato harvest. Remember that while it is a crop that requires constant attention, the fruits of your labor will be worth it when you pick those fresh, juicy tomatoes.