La geothermal energy It is one of the most efficient renewable energy sources. It is based on the use of latent heat inside the Earth, which allows for air conditioning and water heating for homes and other buildings. This technology has gained popularity, especially in single-family homes, thanks to its ability to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact.
The principle of geothermal energy is based on the fact that, as we descend into the Earth's interior, the temperature increases. This heat can be used by various systems (horizontal collectors, vertical collectors or groundwater collection) to feed geothermal heat pumps. These pumps are responsible for transferring heat from the subsoil to the buildings' air conditioning and domestic hot water (DHW) systems.
How Does Geothermal Energy Work?
A geothermal energy installation in a single-family home involves placing probes in the ground, which can be at a superficial or deep level, depending on the available land and the energy needs of the home. These probes absorb the heat present in the subsoil and transfer it to a geothermal heat pump. The heat pump raises or reduces the temperature according to the demand of the home, providing heating, cooling and DHW.
One of the main advantages of geothermal energy is that the ground maintains a constant temperature throughout the year, making this technology a very efficient option regardless of the weather conditions outside. In addition, it is a ecological process It does not generate direct CO2 emissions, making it one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy alternatives.
Real Energy Savings in a Single-Family Home
Thanks to geothermal energy, a Single-family home in Soto del Real (Madrid), managed to reduce its energy consumption by up to 70%. This home replaced its old oil boiler with a geothermal heat pump without having to change the radiators, which minimized installation costs. In this way, not only was significant economic savings achieved, but also a significant reduction in the carbon footprint.
The project carried out by the company bleninser, deserved the recognition of the Community of Madrid with the Diploma for the First Special Mention in the Awards for the Best Geothermal Installation in the Residential Sector 2011, highlighting the relevance of this technology in the residential field.
Types of Collectors in Geothermal Systems
To install a geothermal system, it is essential to choose the most suitable type of collector according to the terrain and the available space. The main types of collectors are:
- Horizontal collectors: They are installed at a shallow depth (1.5 to 4 meters) and require a large area of land. They are cheaper, but less efficient than vertical wells.
- Vertical collectors: These consist of probes up to 150 metres deep. Their great advantage is that they require less space and guarantee optimal thermal stability.
- Groundwater Capture: Uses groundwater as a fluid to transport heat. It is the most efficient option, but also the most complicated to implement, since it depends on the existence of an aquifer.
Each of these systems can be adapted to different types of homes and terrain, ensuring efficient air conditioning throughout the year.
Environmental and Economic Benefits
Installing a geothermal air conditioning system represents a significant investment, but it pays for itself in a relatively short period of time. In addition to the energy savings that can reach up to 75% compared to traditional systems, the useful life of geothermal installations is very long, reaching 50 years in some cases.
Among the most notable benefits we find:
- Reduction of CO2 emissions: As it is a system based on renewable energy, emissions are practically zero.
- Savings on energy bills: Thanks to the reduction in energy consumption, it is possible to recover the initial investment within a period of 5 to 10 years.
- Low Maintenance: Geothermal installations do not require combustion or ventilation, which minimizes maintenance costs.
- Thermal comfort: Provides a constant temperature for heating and cooling, with comfortable temperatures all year round.
Is Geothermal Energy Profitable?
Although the initial investment The cost of energy is high, ranging from 15.000 to 30.000 euros depending on the size of the home and its energy needs, and the savings obtained are considerable. In addition, various studies indicate that, compared to other energy sources such as gas or conventional electricity, geothermal energy is the most efficient and long-lasting option.
Successful Projects: Example of Energy Savings
A 250 square meter home in Soto del Real is a clear example of how the Replacing an oil boiler with a geothermal heat pump can generate savings of 70% in energy consumption. According to official data, a geothermal air conditioning system was integrated into all areas of the house, including the air conditioning of a 70 square meter swimming pool.
This success is not isolated; more and more homes and buildings are opting for geothermal energy as a renewable energy solution. State aid and subsidies are also pushing this technology into the future.
Incorporating geothermal energy into your home not only improves energy efficiency, but also increases the value of your property, as this technology is becoming increasingly popular and in demand in the real estate market.
From its first application in single-family homes to building complexes, geothermal energy has proven to be one of the most viable alternatives for the energy transition towards a cleaner and more sustainable future. Therefore, it is an advisable option for those seeking considerable savings on their energy bills and a reduction in their carbon footprint in the long term.