Bougainvillea is one of the most valued plants for interior and exterior decoration. Its use ranges from patio pots to covering walls, creating true natural tapestries. The most attractive thing is the diversity of bougainvillea colors, which allow you to personalize gardens, terraces and interior spaces with a touch of tropical nature. However, many people wonder exactly how many colors there are and how to properly care for this plant to enjoy it all year round.
In this article we will explore the different colors of bougainvillea, how to care for it, what conditions it needs and some detailed tips for its maintenance.
bougainvillea colors
The colours of bougainvillea offer a range that goes from the striking Red y violet, to less common tones such as yellow, white y pinkHowever, there are bicolor varieties that mix shades in their bracts, which makes them change color during flowering, something that is very attractive in gardens and terraces. A popular example is the bougainvillea that starts with pink flowers and gradually turns white.
In addition to the flowers, some varieties of bougainvillea have bicolor leaves with mixtures of Verde y yellow, while others produce larger flowers, known as XL bougainvilleas, which can climb to a height of between 10 and 12 meters.
There are different varieties of bougainvillea that adopt specific names depending on their color or region of origin:
- Gold or yellow: Ideal for covering pergolas thanks to its brilliant contrast.
- Rosa Zahira: A hybrid notable for its naturalness, originally from Almería.
- Lateritia Orange: It offers a vibrant color perfect for outdoors with intense sunlight exposure.
- White Albicans: Usually grown in large pots or planters.
Main characteristics of bougainvillea
The main attraction of bougainvillea is not its tiny flowers, but its bracts, which resemble petals and provide the vibrant color that we all know. These bracts surround the actual flowers, which are small and brightly colored. white.
Bougainvillea is a climbing shrub, perennial in warm climates, although in colder areas it can lose its leaves in winter. With the support of structures, such as pergolas or walls, it can reach heights of up to 12 meters.
In climates with mild winters, bougainvillea will bloom for much of the year, but in areas with colder climates it may need additional care. Modern varieties even allow potted plants to thrive indoors, making it ideal for protection from frost.
Bougainvillea care
Despite its tropical origins, bougainvillea is a fairly hardy plant and adaptable to different climates if the necessary precautions are taken. Its heat resistance and ability to retain its colour make it a favourite plant for sunny gardens and patios. However, it is essential to protect it from extreme cold, as although some varieties can withstand temperatures as low as -3ºC, most prefer to be sheltered during the winter.
To keep a bougainvillea healthy and lush, follow these care tips:
- Location: Bougainvillea needs at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. Place it in a sunny area, preferably facing south.
- Irrigation: Water it moderately. During the summer, if it is in a pot, water it two or three times a week; in the garden, once a week. During the winter, reduce watering considerably.
- Fertilizer: Potted bougainvillea will benefit from a liquid fertilizer every 15 days in spring and summer. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can damage the plant.
- Pruning: Pruning is essential to keep the plant's size under control. Prune it in late winter or early spring to encourage new flowering.
Bougainvillea maintenance
Bougainvillea is not difficult to maintain, but it does require regularity. As it is a plant adapted to poor soil, it does not need much fertilizer outdoors. However, if you grow it in pots, a mild liquid fertilizer every two weeks will be ideal in spring and summer.
The key point for maintenance is to control watering, as overwatering can lead to pests or diseases, especially if the leaves get wet. Instead of drenching the foliage, water directly at the base of the plant.
Another challenge is pruning. If left unpruned, a bougainvillea in the ground can reach great heights, exceeding 10 metres, so it is important to keep it at a manageable size.
Common problems: pests and diseases
Despite being a resistant plant, bougainvillea is not exempt from pests. The most common are: aphids, mealybugs and Red spider, all of them pests that can especially affect very hot and humid climates.
- Aphids: These tiny insects often feed on sap, causing leaves to curl. You can reduce their presence by spraying with soapy water.
- Mealybugs: These pests create a waxy coating on the leaves, which affects photosynthesis. You can remove them manually using a cotton swab soaked in alcohol.
- Red spider: This mite, which appears in dry environments, causes yellowish spots on the leaves. Spraying water on the leaves can prevent its appearance.
How to plant bougainvillea
Planting a bougainvillea is relatively easy. The best time is spring, when there is no risk of frost. If you plant it in the ground, make sure to choose a sunny, well-drained spot.
In pots, a universal substrate mixed with sand will help improve permeability. In addition, pots should have drainage holes to avoid puddles that can rot the roots.
If you decide to propagate bougainvillea through cuttings, select semi-mature cuttings in summer or woody cuttings in winter. In a few months, you will have a new bougainvillea ready to transplant.
With these care and precautions, your bougainvillea will bloom without problems, providing color and life to your garden or terrace all year round.