We continue committed to transmitting strategies bioclimatic architecture that maximize the use of natural resources to optimize the energy savings and create more housing sustainableIn previous articles, we discussed fundamental aspects such as orientation of the houses and techniques to improve the Natural ventilation. On this occasion, we will focus on the importance of the trees, with special emphasis on their strategic planting and the effect they can have on improving thermal comfort. In addition, we will delve into a key aspect that some architects overlook but which offers great advantages: the use of wet patios, which regulate the climate in homes.
Advantages of Planting Trees in Bioclimatic Houses
When talking about thermal comfort in architecture, one of the most accessible and effective elements is the correct planting of trees around the home. Trees not only provide shadow, but also significantly improve the microclimate surrounding thanks to the plant transpiration. This process involves the evaporation of water through the leaves, cooling the air surrounding the tree. During the winter, trees serve as natural barrier against the cold winds, especially in those areas where these currents predominate. This results in energy savings significant: various studies show that planting trees around a home could reduce energy consumption by 15% to 40%.
Planting Strategy: Fast-Growing and Deciduous Species
To obtain results in the short term, it is ideal to opt for trees of rapid growth, preferably those with deciduous leaves. During the warmer months, these trees will offer dense shade thanks to their leafy canopy, while in winter, when they lose their leaves, they allow the passage of light. sunlight inside the house. When choosing which species to plant, keep in mind that their roots should not grow excessively, as this could damage the foundations of the house. Also, depending on the height of the house, you should be clear about whether the shade of the tree will be sufficient to cover both the ground floor and the second floor.
Wet Courtyards: A Key Element in the Bioclimatic Strategy
One of the most effective strategies in hot, dry climates is to incorporate wet patios. Courtyards have been a traditional architectural solution in various cultures, particularly in areas of southern Spain, Mexico and the Arab world. Functionally, they act as thermal regulators, helping to reduce the temperature of the surrounding air by evaporating water present in the patio or vegetation used in it.
The vegetation and water fountains or pools that can be placed in the patios generate cooler air in their surroundings during the hottest hours. As architect Eduardo MartÃn del Toro pointed out, the patio functions as a real well of freshness, essential in hot climates where the temperature difference between day and night is significant. This stored cooler air is distributed to the surrounding rooms throughout the day.
The Bioclimatic Functioning of the Patio: Night and Day
During the night, the warm air that has been retained in the house is released into the sky, and the patio becomes a reservoir of fresh air thanks to night-time radiation and the cooling of the patio surfaces, which will store this fresh air for the following day. The walls of the patio, and especially any water present, are cooled by radiation, which lowers the temperature of the air contained in the patio, while the warm air in the house is replaced with this accumulated fresh air.
El use of plants and features such as pools, fountains, and water channels in the courtyard also promote evaporation and the absorption of solar radiation, resulting in the refreshing sensation associated with these spaces.
Patios: Protection from Cold and Heat
En winterThe patio retains the heat emitted by the earth, the walls and any vegetal cover that protects the ground, functioning as a thermal insulator that keeps the air temperature at a level higher than that of the outside. In areas where the cold is moderate but the solar incidence is high, the design of the patio allows the sun to penetrate deeply into the rooms.
Therefore, the contribution of patio systems Energy savings should not be underestimated. In addition to functioning as regulators of temperature and ventilation, patios also improve the humidity in the air, keeping the environment more humid during hot summer days.
Recommended Vegetation Species for Wet Patios
Vegetation plays a central role in the bioclimatic courtyards, helping to create a fresh environment by Breathable grips. To do this, it is advisable to select species that not only provide good shade, but also absorb a lot of water to release moisture into the environment. These are usually preferably local vegetation that adapts to the warm temperatures and rainfall regime of the area. Among the most recommended deciduous species we can mention the vine, very common in rural environments for its benefits in both shade and coolness during the summer.
Conclusion
Bioclimatic design is an approach that seeks to maximize the comfort and energy sustainability of our homes by using available natural resources. Planting trees around the home and designing wet courtyards not only significantly improves energy savings but also provides a cooler and more comfortable environment to live in. Implementing these strategies allows us to take advantage of the benefits of climate and nature, enhancing the efficiency of the home while respecting the environment.