The bioclimatic houses are designed with the principles of bioclimatic architecture which are among others:
- energy saving
- Economic savings
- Sustainability
- Respect for the enviroment
This type of construction seeks to make the most of the natural resources of the environment and minimize the use of non-renewable resources. To achieve these objectives, this architectural trend proposes the optimization of the natural environment of the specific place where the house, building or, in general, any construction will be built.
What is a bioclimatic house?
A bioclimatic house A house is one that is designed and built in such a way that it takes advantage of the natural resources of the environment. From the sun to the wind, local vegetation or the terrain, everything is considered in order to reduce the environmental impact and improve energy efficiency. The main objective of these homes is to create comfortable environments without resorting to mechanical air conditioning systems.
Bioclimatic houses are designed to work in harmony with nature, in order to achieve a energy saving and greater sustainability. From its architectural design, orientation systems, ventilation and materials used, every detail is carefully analysed to optimise natural resources. If a bioclimatic house is properly designed, it may even be able to generate its own energy.
Advantages and characteristics of bioclimatic houses
Below are the main characteristics and advantages of bioclimatic homes:
- energy saving: Bioclimatic houses are capable of reducing energy consumption by up to 80%, thanks to the efficiency of their design and the integration of renewable energies.
- Sustainability: They are built with local and renewable materials, minimizing the carbon footprint.
- Thermal isolation: These homes have optimal thermal insulation that allows for maintaining pleasant temperatures throughout the year, reducing the need for artificial heating or cooling.
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Importance of orientation in bioclimatic houses
The orientation is one of the most important factors to consider when designing a bioclimatic house. Choosing the correct orientation before drawing up the plans can make a big difference in energy efficiency and interior comfort.
In cold areas, it is advisable to orient the parts of the house where we spend more time to the south to make the most of the hot of the sunThis side of the house has greater solar exposure, which allows thermal energy to be captured during the day, which is then radiated into the interior at night, preventing us from using the heating or needing it for less time.
Glazed surfaces play an important role in this type of orientation. Windows must be large enough to capture solar energy, and the use of good insulating materials prevents heat loss.
If the building is to be built in a warm area, the orientation is reversed. Areas where most time is spent, such as the living room or lounge area, face north to avoid extreme heat, while large glass windows are used to take advantage of the heat during the winter months.
Materials used in bioclimatic construction
The choice of materials in the construction of a bioclimatic house is of utmost importance, as they must have a low environmental impact, be local and renewable. In addition to this, materials that offer high thermal inertia are prioritized to conserve and release heat gradually.
- Wood: It is a sustainable material, with great thermal insulation capacity.
- Stone: It is used for its great capacity to accumulate heat and release it slowly.
- Ecological insulators: They are applied to ceilings, walls and floors to reduce heat or cold loss.
Regulation of ventilation in bioclimatic homes
Another important feature of bioclimatic homes is the crossed ventilation, a system that allows the regulation of interior temperature through natural air flow. Openings, such as doors and windows, are strategically placed on opposite facades to create a current that refreshes the environment, expelling hot air and promoting the entry of fresh air.
In addition, in colder climates, convective ventilation can be implemented, which makes it possible to take advantage of the temperature difference between hot and cold air, thus improving the thermal sensation inside.
Passive systems in bioclimatic houses
Bioclimatic houses use a series of passive elements that help optimize energy without the need for mechanical air conditioning systems.
- Thermal inertia: Using materials such as stone or concrete, which have a high capacity to store heat, helps to keep the internal temperature stable.
- Solar protection: The installation of awnings, pergolas or overhangs prevents the direct entry of sunlight in summer, avoiding overheating.
- Shading systems: Trees and plants strategically placed in the direction of the sun's rays can reduce the temperature inside and outside the home, significantly improving thermal comfort.
The importance of thermal insulation
El thermal isolation It is also key in bioclimatic architecture. If the insulation systems are not robust enough, much of the heat or cooling generated will be lost.
In some areas, the use of high ceilings is recommended, as they allow for greater air circulation and help conserve energy better inside the home.
Natural insulating materials, such as cellulose fibre or cork, are preferred in this type of construction, as they not only fulfil their insulating function, but are also sustainable.
Active systems in bioclimatic houses
Finally, the bioclimatic houses They can also incorporate some active systems to further improve its energy efficiency. Common systems include:
- Solar panels: Which allow the generation of clean and renewable energy for electrical consumption or water heating.
- Controlled mechanical ventilation: It is a system that helps maintain air quality without losing energy through the regulated extraction and intake of air.
- Geothermal and aerothermal energyThese heating and cooling systems take advantage of the temperature of the ground or the air to heat the home without having to resort to non-renewable energy sources.
The integration of these systems, together with the correct choice of materials, good orientation and the maximum use of natural resources, allows bioclimatic houses to offer a more comfortable, efficient and integrated environment with nature. In addition to their obvious environmental benefits, these homes help mitigate climate change and represent the future of sustainable architecture.
Therefore, when making decisions to build or renovate, considering the option of a bioclimatic house is a key step towards adopting a healthier and more sustainable lifestyle for people and the environment.