Given the high prices of electricity bills due to the use of air conditioning, more renewable and efficient alternatives are emerging. One of these best-known alternatives that is spreading is aerothermal energy. Among the doubts that arise the most is knowing the aerothermal installation requirements and what you need to know to do it.
In this article we are going to explain in the greatest detail what the requirements are for installing aerothermal energy and what you need to take into account, incorporating expanded information on what we have already discussed and going into more detail on technical and practical aspects so that you can better understand the entire process.
What is aerothermal?
Aerothermal energy is a technology that uses thermal energy from the air to heat spaces and provide hot water. This energy is extracted even in low temperature conditions, making it a reliable and efficient solution. The system is based on a heat pump that transfers heat from the outside air to the interior of the home or building.
In short, aerothermal energy uses the heat from the outside air, whatever the temperature, and through a refrigeration cycle, converts it into energy to heat or cool a building. This process is similar to that which occurs in refrigerators, but in the opposite direction: instead of expelling heat, it introduces it into the home.
One of the great advantages of aerothermal energy is its high energy efficiency, since more than 75% of the energy it uses comes from the air, a free and renewable source. In addition, the system is reversible, which means that during the summer it can be used to cool interiors, performing a function similar to that of an air conditioner.
What do I need to install aerothermal energy?
The installation of aerothermal energy requires several elements, each of which is crucial for the correct functioning of the system. Below we detail the main components and considerations:
- heat pump: The heart of any aerothermal system is the heat pump, which will be the device responsible for extracting heat from the outside air. It must be placed in a ventilated place, either inside or outside the building, according to the design of the system.
- Heat distribution: The thermal energy generated can be distributed using different solutions: water radiators, underfloor heating, fan coils or air handling units. The choice will depend on the needs of the home or building.
- Inertia tank: This tank stores the excess thermal energy produced, optimizing system performance and providing heat when needed.
- DHW (Domestic Hot Water) tanks: Essential in any installation to supply hot water to the building's sanitary network.
It is important that all these components are correctly sized according to the characteristics of the building, the climate of the region and the energy needs of the occupants to ensure that the aerothermal system works efficiently.
Aerothermal installation requirements
To ensure that the installation of aerothermal energy is a success, several prerequisites must be met. Here are some of the most important aspects that you should take into account:
- Sufficient space for the outdoor unit: The heat pump's outdoor unit requires a well-ventilated location with space around it to ensure proper air circulation. This not only makes operation easier, but also allows for maintenance and possible repairs.
- Access to electricity supply: The air source heat pump needs to be connected to the mains. Make sure that there is an adequate power supply near the installation area and that your electrical installation can support the power required by the system.
- Thermal isolation: Good insulation in the building is crucial to maximise system efficiency. Poor insulation can cause the system to work harder, increasing energy consumption.
- Building evaluation: It is advisable to carry out a technical assessment of the building. A professional must study the characteristics and energy needs of the property before recommending the size and power of the appropriate heat pump.
- Compliance with local regulations: Make sure to check local regulations and obtain any necessary permits before beginning installation. As an air conditioning system, air source heat pumps are subject to regulations that vary from one location to another.
- Hire qualified professionals: The installation of aerothermal energy is not a simple process, it requires advanced knowledge, so it is essential to have specialized professionals. An experienced installer will ensure that everything works optimally.
Can aerothermal energy be installed in an already built house?
Yes, it is completely feasible to install aerothermal energy in already built houses. However, there are several considerations to take into account that may influence the feasibility and cost of the installation.
The main challenge in constructed homes is to ensure that the existing heat distribution system is compatible with aerothermal energy. Often, conventional radiators will need to be adapted or replaced with low-temperature radiators or underfloor heating installed, which can increase the cost of the project. In addition, the level of insulation of the home must also be assessed. If the house does not have good insulation, it will be advisable to improve it before proceeding with the installation, otherwise the efficiency of the system may be impaired.
Another important aspect is the available space.If there is not enough space outside for the installation of the outdoor unit or in the areas selected for radiators or underfloor heating, the installation process can be complicated. However, there are solutions such as using compact units that require less space or even exploring installation options in unconventional locations, such as on a roof or in a well-ventilated basement.
Finally, if the home is located in extreme climate zones, it may be necessary to install a backup system such as a gas or electric boiler for the coldest or hottest days of the year.
What is the ideal location for the outdoor unit?
The correct location of the outdoor unit is essential to ensure the efficiency of an air source heat pump system. Although it depends on each home, there are some general factors that are important to take into account when choosing the most suitable location:
- Good access to outside air: The unit should be located in a place where it can draw in plenty of air. Closed or poorly ventilated spaces will hinder its operation and reduce overall efficiency.
- Accessibility for maintenance: It is recommended that the outdoor unit be easily accessible for regular maintenance. This will ensure that the equipment is always in good condition and prevent unexpected breakdowns.
- Protection against inclement weather: Although heat pumps are designed to withstand harsh weather conditions, it is best to place them in a location where they are away from heavy rain, blizzards or snow to increase their durability.
- Orientation: If possible, it is recommended that the unit be exposed to the sun in winter, as the system needs to extract as much heat as possible from the outside air. In summer, on the other hand, it is preferable for the heat pump to be in a shaded area, to avoid overheating.
Types of aerothermal systems
There are several types of aerothermal systems that can be adapted to specific needs, both for air conditioning and for the production of hot water. Below, we explain the most common ones:
- Air-water system: It is the most widely used in homes, as it allows for heating, cooling and domestic hot water. It works by extracting heat from the outside air and transferring it to the water that flows through radiators or underfloor heating.
- Air-to-air system: In this type of system, heat is distributed through indoor units, similar to well-known air conditioning units, which can both heat and cool the environment.
- Radiating floor: One of the most efficient options for any aerothermal system, underfloor heating distributes heat evenly throughout the home. It is a somewhat more expensive option and its installation requires renovations, but in the long term it is highly efficient.
- Low temperature radiators: These radiators allow the heat generated by aerothermal energy to be used efficiently, adapting to the system without the need to change conventional radiators.
How much does the installation of aerothermal energy cost?
The cost of an air source heat pump installation varies depending on several factors. It is estimated that the price can range between 5.000 and 24.000 euros depending on the size of the home, the complexity of the installation and the type of system selected (air-water, air-air, underfloor heating, etc.).
Typically, for a medium-sized single-family home with underfloor heating and hot water, the cost is between €10.000 and €15.000, but this can increase if additional renovations are required, such as improving insulation or changing the electrical installation.
Maintenance of an aerothermal system
The maintenance of these systems is quite low compared to other air conditioning systems. Basically, an annual check is required to ensure that everything is in order. The installer usually takes care of this, and aspects such as:
- Checking the compressor: The compressor is the key element of the aerothermal system, and its proper functioning is crucial for the entire system to perform as it should.
- Checking the coolant level: Being a system that works through a refrigeration cycle, it is vital that the coolant is at its correct level.
- Checking connections and pipes: This ensures that there are no leaks or damage.
- Cleaning filters and outdoor units: Dust and dirt can affect system performance, so cleaning is a must.
Incorporating an aerothermal system in a home is, without a doubt, an excellent decision both in terms of sustainability and economic savings. Although the initial investment may seem considerable, the long-term benefits it offers, in terms of energy savings and durability, make it a very attractive technology. In addition, being a system based on renewable energies, it contributes to the reduction of emissions and is in line with current demands in terms of respect for the environment.
