Galicia faces a growing threat from the Vespa velutina, an invasive species commonly known as asian waspThis insect, which has proliferated in the region, is now the main cause of allergies caused by mosquito bites. hymenoptera in the Community. Surprisingly, 77% of the vaccines administered in Galicia are intended to prevent reactions to their bites.
In this article we are going to analyze how and why Spain is on alert due to the risk of Asian wasp stings, with detailed information about its biology, the risks it entails and the preventive measures we should take.
Asian Wasp Sting
Dr. Carmen Vidal Pan, head of Allergology at the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, has been key in the research on the influence of Vespa velutina in allergies. According to her, this species has become the main cause of anaphylaxis in Galicia, displacing other native species.
Although the asian wasp Although they are not necessarily more aggressive than other wasps, their larger size and the amount of venom they inject when they sting make them especially worrying. The risk is high for people with allergies, who can suffer severe reactions. Of the 400 patients receiving sting vaccines in the region, a staggering 77% do so to prevent reactions to Vespa velutina.
This invasive species not only affects human health, but also beekeeping. Vespa velutina is a voracious predator of honey bees, which has meant huge losses for Galician beekeepers.
Treatment of the bite
In the event of an Asian wasp sting, experts recommend acting quickly. Allergic people should self-administer adrenaline as a first emergency measure, as it can save lives by stopping an anaphylactic reaction. In allergy clinics, patients are trained on how to use auto-injectors in an emergency.
In less serious situations, it is essential to wash the affected area with soap and water, apply cold to reduce inflammation and avoid scratching to avoid worsening the wound. If symptoms persist, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.
Symptoms of a severe allergic reaction to the sting include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and neck, and dizziness. In advanced cases, it can lead to anaphylactic shock, which requires urgent medical attention.
Impact on ecosystems and economy
In addition to the health risks, Vespa velutina is seriously affecting the ecological environment and the economy, especially in Galicia, Asturias and the Basque Country. This species It preys on up to 80% of bees honey production, which has led to a severe decline in honey production. This impact has resulted in significant economic loss, especially among beekeepers whose income depends on honey production.
Asian hornets not only affect bees, but also other insects and fruits, such as grapes, posing a potential impact on wine crops in some regions. In response, scientific research and control measures have been intensified, such as the use of protective meshes and traps to capture queens.
However, controlling this species is complicated by the difficulty of accessing the places where they build their nests, which are increasingly present in urban areas.
The nest of the Vespa velutina
The nests of the Asian hornet are impressive, both for their size and their location. These nests can reach up to 1 meter high and 0,8 meters in diameterThey are usually found in the tops of trees, but can also be built at ground level or in cracks in the walls of buildings.
Nests are usually well guarded by workers, who become more aggressive when they feel the nest is in danger. It is essential to stay away from these nests to avoid mass attacks, as Asian hornets can be more dangerous in groups.
Expansion in Spain
Since it was first detected in France in 2004, the Vespa velutina It has spread rapidly throughout Europe, reaching Spain in 2010 through Navarra. Since then, it has not stopped expanding, especially affecting the north of the country, with Galicia being one of the most affected areas.
This rapid expansion is due to its adaptability and the absence of natural predators in the European ecosystem. Concern has reached such levels that measures have been implemented Anaphylaxis specific codes In certain regions, such as Galicia, to treat serious incidents caused by bites.
Preventive measures and how to act
To prevent an Asian hornet sting, it is recommended to follow certain safety measures:
- Avoid activities near nests.
- Do not make sudden movements if wasps are detected nearby.
- Maintain a safe distance of at least 5 meters from the nests.
- At outdoor events, it is advisable not to leave food or drinks unattended.
If you detect a nest or group of Asian wasps, it is crucial notify local authorities or call emergency services (112) for safe removal. You should not attempt to remove a nest without the proper equipment, as these wasps can be very dangerous when they feel their home is threatened.
Citizen collaboration is also vital in detecting Vespa velutina nests. In some communities such as Catalonia, early detection of primary nests has made it possible to reduce the expansion of the species.
With the right information and measures, it is possible to limit the impact of the Asian hornet on our environment. It is not only about protecting people, but also mitigating damage to the environment and the economy. Awareness and rapid action are key.