Solar thermal panels They represent one of the best options to take advantage of the sun's energy and generate hot water for sanitary use at home. Their use is booming due to the energy savings they provide and their contribution to the sustainability of the planet.
If you're thinking about install this type of systems in your home or you simply want to know more about how it works and its advantages, we explain everything in detail below.
What are solar thermal panels?
Solar thermal panels, also known as solar collectors, are devices responsible for capture solar radiation and transform it into thermal energy. This energy is used to heat a fluid which is later used in hot water systems, heating or air conditioning of swimming pools.
Types of solar thermal panels
There are several types of thermal solar panels, each with specific characteristics that determine their efficiency y performance.
Flat collector solar panels
These are the most common and are characterized by having a rectangular design with an insulating structure. Inside, they have tubes or ducts through which the fluid that is heated by solar radiation circulates.
Vacuum tube panels
Its structure consists of elongated tubes containing a heat transfer fluid, which increases their efficiency by minimizing heat loss. They are ideal for cold areas, since its design allows it to capture more energy even in conditions of low solar radiation.
Concentration panels
They are less common in the domestic sphere, but they are used in large facilitiesThey work by means of mirrors or lenses that concentrate solar radiation in a single point, generating very high temperatures.
How do solar thermal panels work?
The operation is quite simple. The panels absorb solar radiation and transmit it to a heat transfer fluid circulating through its interior. This hot fluid passes into a heat exchanger, where energy is transferred to the water that will be used in the home.
The system can be of thermosiphon (works by natural convection, without pumps) or forced circulation (uses pumps to ensure better heat distribution).
Advantages of solar thermal panels
- Great energy savings: They can reduce up to 80% energy consumption intended for heating water.
- They reduce the carbon footprint: They do not emit polluting gases and reduce the use of fossil fuels.
- Compatible with other energy sources: They can be combined with electric or gas systems as support on days with little solar radiation.
- easy maintenance: Their maintenance is minimal and they have an average useful life of 20-25 years.
Applications of solar thermal panels
These systems are versatile and can be used in different areas.
Domestic hot water (DHW)
The main application of thermal solar panels is generate hot water for use in showers, faucets and appliances.
Heating
In combination with passive solar systems such as radiating floor or radiators, these panels can be used for heat the home efficiently.
Heating the pool water
Some installations allow the use of solar thermal panels for maintain water temperature in swimming pools, extending the bathing season.
Limitations and considerations
Although they have many advantages, there are also certain factors to consider:
- Climate dependence: Its performance depends on the amount of solar radiation available.
- Initial investment: Although it pays for itself over time, installation can be expensive.
- Heat losses: In some models, thermal leaks may occur if they are not well insulated.
These inconveniences can be minimized with a good maintenance and proper design. Solar thermal panels are a excellent alternative to reduce energy consumption and take advantage of a clean, renewable energy source.
