Hydropower security has become a central theme in the global energy debate. Following recent power crises and prolonged blackouts in several countries, ensuring a reliable supply is, more than ever, a priority for governments, businesses, and consumers. An energy system based primarily on hydroelectric plants has its advantages, but it also presents specific risks when faced with extreme weather events. To learn more about this topic, you can consult the importance of hydropower in the future of energy.
In recent years, various regions have experienced significant strain on their electrical systems due to droughts and operational disruptions at hydroelectric power plants. This situation has led to a review of generation strategies and the promotion of new investments, seeking to strengthen both the reliability and resilience of the electricity supply in the face of adverse scenarios.
Hydroelectric dependence and the impact of climate
Some countries, such as Ecuador, have acknowledged their high dependence on hydroelectric power , with 72% of their energy mix linked to this resource. This concentration means that prolonged droughts or abrupt changes in rainfall patterns can cause critical situations, ranging from consumption restrictions to blackouts lasting several hours or days, affecting both individuals and industries.
Several reports highlight that, between 2023 and 2024, the reduction in reservoir capacity led to the implementation of scheduled rationing of up to 14 hours per day , with a significant economic and social impact . Sensitivity to climate factors has forced a rethinking of the generation strategy and the inclusion of renewable alternatives to lessen the reliance on hydroelectric power.
Investment and diversification to strengthen security
Faced with these challenges, international institutions and national organizations are promoting new investments and lines of credit to stimulate the development of complementary renewable energy sources and the modernization of hydroelectric infrastructure . The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for example, has approved a sovereign guarantee of $77 million for Ecuador, with a view to facilitating private sector collaboration in expanding generation capacity and reducing the risks associated with hydroelectric dependence.
This IDB guarantee is part of a larger $140 million credit line aimed at projects that will add more than 820 megawatts of new power capacity through private investment. The focus is on non-conventional renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, which would provide relief to the system during periods of low water availability. Furthermore, these initiatives are expected to mobilize approximately $1.000 billion in investments and modernize the energy grid, strengthening institutional and regulatory capacity. To understand how these investments contribute to energy resilience , visit the practical guide on energy resilience.
Spain: The case of the hydroelectric expansion in Cantabria
In Europe, attention is focused on the Aguayo pumped-storage hydroelectric plant , located in Cantabria, Spain. This complex supplies more than 200.000 homes, and its expansion project, driven by Repsol, aims to quadruple its capacity to 1.360 megawatts, making it one of the largest pumped-storage facilities in the country.
The extension of the concession to operate this power plant is the subject of political debate, as the lack of a specific regulatory framework and delays in the allocation of European funds have postponed the start of construction. However, both the private sector and regional authorities insist on the need to promote the modernization and expansion of hydroelectric infrastructure as an additional safeguard against future energy crises.
These types of projects are considered fundamental for strengthening energy security , integrating renewables, and ensuring supply stability, not only in Cantabria but throughout Spain. For more details on hydroelectric energy trends in Spain, visit [website address missing].
Future challenges: regulation and sustainability
For these advances to translate into greater stability and sustainability , it is necessary not only to invest in new technologies, but also to adapt the legal and regulatory framework to allow for the coordination of public and private investments. Strengthening regulatory bodies and monitoring the social and environmental aspects of each project are essential for achieving an orderly and stable energy transition. In this context, the guide to energy decarbonization offers strategies to enhance the sector's sustainability.
Strengthening regulatory bodies and overseeing the social and environmental aspects of each project are essential for achieving an orderly and stable energy transition. Furthermore, diversifying the energy mix and modernizing hydroelectric infrastructure, backed by international guarantees , are the most reliable path to minimizing risks associated with hydroelectric energy security . In both Spain and Latin America, the strategy involves reinforcing the capacity to respond to extreme weather events and ensuring continuous access to electricity for households and industries.