In recent years, energy efficiency and environmental protection have taken on unprecedented importance in the air conditioning sector. A key element in this evolution has been aerothermal energy, a heating and cooling system that uses air as an energy source. In this context, R290 refrigerant has gained popularity due to its environmental benefits and high performance.
R290, also known as propane, is a natural refrigerant that is increasingly being adopted in heat pumps and aerothermal systems. However, its flammability poses certain technical and safety challenges that must be considered when implementing it. Throughout this article, we will analyze in depth all its advantages, comparisons with other refrigerants, and the regulations that govern its use.
What is R290 refrigerant?
R290 is a natural refrigerant gas belonging to the hydrocarbon group. Its composition is essentially pure propane, and it is characterized as a highly efficient refrigerant with minimal environmental impact. Due to these properties, it has become a viable alternative to the fluorinated gases traditionally used in air conditioning.
One of its main advantages is its low Global Warming Potential (GWP). While other refrigerants, such as R32, have a GWP of 675, R290 has a GWP of only 3, meaning its impact on climate change is virtually zero. Furthermore, it does not contain compounds such as chlorine or fluorine, so it is not harmful to the ozone layer.
Comparison between R290 and other refrigerants
To better understand the impact of R290 on air source heat pumps, it's important to compare it to other widely used refrigerants, such as R32 and R410A. You can find more information on these comparisons in our guide to air source heat pump brands.
| Features | R32 | R290 |
|---|---|---|
| Global warming potential (GWP) | 675 | 3 |
| Inflammability | Moderate (A2L) | High (A3) |
| Energy efficiency | High | Very high |
| Compatibility with existing equipment | Good | May require modifications |
| Market availability | Wide | In expansion |
As you can see, R290 outperforms R32 in terms of environmental impact and energy efficiency. However, its high flammability requires additional safety measures, which can make its implementation more complex. For more examples of refrigerants, you can check out our review of the best aerothermal systems.
Advantages of using R290 in aerothermal energy
1. High energy efficiency: R290 offers superior thermal performance compared to other refrigerants, allowing aerothermal systems to achieve higher temperatures with lower energy consumption.
2. Low environmental impact: Its GWP of 3 makes it one of the most environmentally friendly refrigerants available. Furthermore, since it does not contain fluorine or chlorine, has no impact on the ozone layer.
3. Greater compatibility with warm climates: Unlike other refrigerants, R290 maintains good efficiency even under high pressure conditions. high ambient temperatures. The advantages of aerothermal energy in warm climates are increasingly recognized.
4. Extending the life of the equipment: Being a pure gas, without the need to combine with other chemical compounds, reduces the deterioration of internal mechanisms of the aerothermal equipment.
Disadvantages and challenges of R290
Despite its benefits, R290 also has certain drawbacks. disadvantages that are important to keep in mind:
1. Flammability: Its A3 flammability classification means it requires strict safety measures. In the event of a leak, it can represent a risk if appropriate precautions are not taken. It is essential to be familiar with how to handle this type of refrigerant.
2. Strict regulations: There are regulations that limit the amount of R290 refrigerant that can be used in certain closed systems and environments, due to its potential danger in case of escape. For more information on these regulations, see our aerothermal regulations guide.
3. Need for equipment modifications: Although it is compatible with many aerothermal systems, some installations may require adjustments to ensure its correct operation and safety.
Regulations and safety in the use of R290
The use of R290 is regulated at both the European and national levels. Some of the most relevant regulations include:
- Regulation (EU) No 517/2014: Known as the F-Gas Regulation, it sets restrictions on the use of fluorinated gases and promotes more sustainable alternatives such as R290.
- Standard EN-378:2017: Regulates the refrigerant charge limitations in facilities and establishes security protocols for handling and storage.
- Royal Decree 115/2017: Regulates the marketing, handling and certification of professionals who work with flammable refrigerant gases.
Due to its flammability, it is recommended that only certified professionals install and maintain systems using R290. It's crucial to ensure proper ventilation and comply with established safety requirements. You can find recommendations on proper installation in our guide to air source heat pumps.
R290 has become an increasingly viable and popular option in the aerothermal sector due to its ecological benefits and high efficiency. Despite the challenges associated with its flammability, its adoption continues to increase. With proper installation and maintenance, R290 can be a sustainable and efficient alternative for air conditioning systems and heat pumps. Its positive impact on reducing global warming positions it as one of the best options for the future of efficient and responsible air conditioning.
